How can production facilities in the sense of the Plug & Produce be converted flexibly and safely at the same time? The solution is an expanded modular safety concept
Encyclopedia 2023, April
Summer ventilation bypass: function simply explainedSimply described, a bypass is a bypass route. In this case, the summer bypass outside air leads past the heat recovery unit of the ventilation system. The air masses do not absorb any energy from the heated room air and flow into the house at lower temperatures
What is the role of thermostats and how do they work?The purpose of thermostats is to control the temperature in a room. The numbers on the radiator thermostat correspond to a certain temperature. The third position usually corresponds to a room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius
How does a radiator work?Radiators have the task of releasing the heat generated by a boiler to the rooms. For this to work, warm heating water flows through them. How much heat a radiator emits - how much water flows through it - depends on the temperature setting of the thermostats
KfW funding for heating: From 2020 for heating optimizationUntil the end of 2019, the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) granted high grants and cheap loans for the exchange of heating. The installation of condensing heating systems based on gas and heating oil was promoted
What is a fuel cell?As described above, fuel cell heating is a system that works somewhat differently than the classic gas or oil boiler. Because in the fuel cell, heat and electricity are generated by means of so-called cold combustion. This electrochemical process is particularly efficient and, contrary to popular belief, has been known for over 180 years (history of the fuel cell)
Why is living space ventilation important in energy-efficient buildings?If you think of older houses, they were rarely equipped with ventilation systems. With the exception of inside bathrooms or kitchens, this was not necessary. Because through windows, doors or other leaks in the building envelope, sufficient fresh outside air always flowed into the interior
Wood heating - what is it actually?A wood heater is a heater that obtains heat for heating new and existing houses from wood burning. While the raw material, which is not only renewable but also regionally available in many places, has been used as a light and heat source for over 400,000 years, the efficiency and comfort of modern biomass heating systems have been significantly improved
Oil heating - what is it actually?Oil heating generates heat for heating and water heating by burning heating oil - a liquid fuel that is stored in on-site tank systems. Like gas heating, oil heating is one of the most widely used heating technologies
What distinguishes a pellet heating?A pellet heater is a heat generator that obtains the energy for heating and hot water from wood burning. In contrast to other biomass heating systems, heating with pellets often works without the logs being added regularly
Structure of the gas condensing heating ()Universal and sustainable: gas heating with solar thermalA sustainable solution is the combination of condensing heating with a system for solar thermal energy. Because in addition to the heat of combustion from gas heating, the energy of the sun can also be used for heating or hot water
A combined heat and power plant - what is it actually?Combined heat and power plants (erroneously often referred to as block power plants or block heating plants) are modern heating systems that provide not only heat for heating and hot water, but also electricity to meet your own needs
What is an electric heater?An electric heater, also called electric heater, electric heater or electric heater, is a system that can be used for heating rooms or with a water heater for heating drinking water. In contrast to hot water heating, this works completely without a boiler or complex piping
Generation of natural gasThe natural gas used today was created millions of years ago on the bottom of large seas. Living things such as algae or plankton were deposited here, which were then covered by different layers of the earth for thousands of years
Thermal solar systems for the generation of environmental heatSolar thermal is a solar system that collects free solar radiation and converts it into heat. This can then be used, for example, to heat water or to support the heating. As the sun's energy supply fluctuates due to shading, cloud cover or its position in the sky, it is usually combined with another heating system
Brine-water heat pump Water-water heat pump Air-water heat pumpThermal energy from the air as an energy sourceAir is the easiest source of environmental energy to use with a heat pump. Because all that is necessary is a device for sucking in and blowing out the outside air
General: The tasks of an installerA heating engineer is basically responsible for installing and maintaining heating and ventilation systems in buildings. The job title in Germany has changed in recent years. The former central heating and ventilation engineer can now be found in the job description of a plant mechanic for sanitary, heating and air conditioning technology
Hybrid heating - what is it actually?While the term hybrid heating has only been heard in German boiler rooms for a few years, the technical concept behind it has long been known as bivalent or multivalent heating. Simply put, this means that different energy sources such as gas, oil, wood or renewable energies are combined in one heating system
When should you vent the radiators?Basically, you should always vent the heating when it is necessary. However, routine ventilation of the radiators at the beginning of the heating period cannot do any harm. In this way you can be sure that the radiators are fully operational with the first low outside temperatures
New heating: purchase, consumption and maintenance costsIt is particularly important for a transparent cost comparison of different types of heating to consider all expenses incurred. Because even if the purchase of a boiler is cheap, it can be much more expensive than expected over a longer period of time
Reasons: heating no longer goes outYou find out, even though you have turned down the thermostat: the heating does not go out? Then this can have different causes. In most cases, the focus is on the thermostatic valve. In the following sections we will show you what kind of errors can occur
Calculation of hot water costs according to the heating cost regulationWhenever the heating in a rental property provides both room heating and hot water, the proportionate costs must be separated. The necessary requirements for this can be found in Section 9 of the Heating Cost Ordinance
Why the heating cracks at allThe noise generated in heating and pipes depends on the design and the constant change in temperature. Especially with radiators from the fifties to the eighties, pipes were installed very tightly in the concrete without much scope or welded directly to the structure
What are the causes if the heating is rustling?A heater makes noise, especially if there is a defect in the system. It is often in the air in this closed system, in which water is the medium that transports the heat to the destination. The sounds may sound different depending on the location of the defect
The kilowatt hour describes the amount of energyThe kilowatt hour is a unit for a certain amount of energy. It can be determined, for example, by multiplying performance and time. If a heater runs for four hours with an output of four kilowatts (kW), it has given four kilowatt hours (kWh) of energy to the house after this time
Too much air in the heating systemIf a heater makes strange noises such as gurgling, knocking, screeching or even howling, and this for a long time, then there is a need for action. Depending on the volume, these noises can significantly limit the quality of life and living of the residents
Overview: These heating systems are availableFrom condensing heating to heat pumps and fuel cell heating, the selection of different technologies has never been as wide as it is today. The following overview of heating systems provides the most important information about:Heat pump hybrid heating CHP photovoltaic gas heating oil heating solar thermal solar system pellet heating electric heating wood heating fuel cell heatingClick on the resp
Why do you have to add water when heating?If the heating does not have enough pressure, the heating output is reduced. This ensures cold heating surfaces and in turn causes unnecessary heating costs. Newer heaters even switch off automatically when the water pressure is too low
Set the underfloor heating with the thermostatYou can make settings directly on the underfloor heating room thermostat. As a rule, the underfloor heating has a thermostat separate from the primary radiators. Therefore, it can be regulated completely independently
Importance of the flow temperatureThe flow temperature is the temperature to which a boiler heats the heating water. It is usually high when a house needs a lot of energy and decreases with increasing efficiency. Since the conditions in the house change constantly over the course of a year, the optimal temperature of the flow is also subject to fluctuations
When does it make sense to retrofit underfloor heating?Underfloor heating not only provides pleasant warmth and opens up various design options for indoor use, it can also help reduce the use of resources. It is a so-called surface heating
Shut-off valve of the heater: structure and functionA heater shut-off valve can influence the heating water flow. Depending on the position of the shut-off body, it can be completely shut off or released. In contrast to other shut-off valves, it is also possible to reduce the heating water flow relatively precisely
What distinguishes an exhaust gas heat exchanger?A heat exchanger is often referred to as a heat exchanger, which describes how it works much better. Because this is usually a component (or its content) that "transfers" the heat from one medium to another
Types and areas of application of an exhaust air heat pumpBefore home owners buy an exhaust air heat pump, they should be familiar with the principle of operation of a heat pump. Because it is basically a conventional heat pump. As a rule, it absorbs thermal energy from the environment and converts it into heat
An important criterion compared to gas heating and oil heating: costsIf you compare both options in a heating comparison of gas heating and oil heating and only pay attention to the price, the case is clear at first glance:The purchase cost of a new gas heater is lower than that of a comparable model with oil as fuel
Why is it necessary to vent the underfloor heating?Similar to a classic heating system, air also accumulates in underfloor heating over time, which, if too large, has a disruptive effect on the heating circuit. The primary reason to vent underfloor heating is efficiency
Reasons for using a stoveIn many households there is still an old fireplace. No wonder, because it not only brings warmth into your own four walls. It also makes the associated room much more comfortable. In addition, a fireplace is very flexible to set up and inexpensive compared to other heating systems
Renewable raw materials and renewable energiesMost people initially associate alternative heating with terms such as green electricity, renewable energies or renewable raw materials. This energy generation is an alternative, especially with a view to heating in the future and with the considerations of the heat transition
Flexibility in the CHP, while the oil heating is tied to heating oilThe distinction when comparing the CHP and oil heating in terms of how it works is explained relatively quickly. The oil heating works with heating oil, a fossil fuel, which the system burns with the highest possible efficiency in order to generate heat in return
Function of the surface heating in the floorThe floor heating is a surface heating system that consists of pipes in the floor. If warm heating water flows through the system, it releases thermal energy and first heats the screed in the structure of the underfloor heating